The primary challenge in managing wildlife populations is balancing conservation efforts with human interests and activities, such as agriculture and urban development. Overexploitation, habitat fragmentation, and climate change pose significant threats to wildlife, demanding effective management strategies to ensure sustainable populations. Conflict can arise between protecting endangered species and land use needs of communities. Collaborative approaches, including stakeholder engagement and the integration of scientific research, are essential in creating policies that prioritize both wildlife conservation and human needs to achieve long-term sustainability.