The primary cause of desertification is often human activities, such as unsustainable agriculture, deforestation, and overgrazing. These practices deplete soil nutrients and lead to erosion, making land less capable of supporting vegetation. Additionally, climate change exacerbates the situation by altering precipitation patterns and increasing temperatures, further stressing ecosystems. Desertification results in reduced agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity, and negative socio-economic impacts, highlighting the need for improved land management practices to sustain fertile environments.