The phenomenon by which DNA makes a copy of itself is known as DNA replication. This critical process occurs before cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. DNA replication involves unwinding the double helix structure, followed by the synthesis of new strands using existing strands as templates, facilitated by enzymes like DNA polymerase. The accuracy of this process is vital for genetic stability and inheritance, enabling the transmission of traits from one generation to another.