The name of the chemical reaction that converts light into glucose in plants is called photosynthesis. During this process, plants absorb sunlight using chlorophyll and convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions, where solar energy is captured and converted to chemical energy, and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), where glucose is synthesized. This fundamental process is essential for energy flow in ecosystems and contributes to Earth's atmospheric oxygen levels.