The main function of the rib cage in humans is to protect vital organs located in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and lungs. The rib cage consists of 12 pairs of ribs that are connected to the vertebral column at the back and, in most cases, to the sternum at the front. Additionally, the rib cage plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity, which is fundamental for respiration and maintaining adequate airflow within the lungs.