The composition of the human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes. This includes roughly 20,000-25,000 genes that encode for proteins and regulate various biological functions. The genome contains both coding regions, which determine traits and functions, and non-coding regions, which play regulatory roles. Understanding the human genome is essential for advances in genetics, medicine, and evolutionary biology, laying the groundwork for research into genetic disorders and therapies.