The basis of the greenhouse effect on Earth involves the trapping of infrared radiation by certain gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases. When solar energy reaches the Earth, some of it is absorbed while the rest is re-radiated as heat. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb and emit this heat, preventing it from escaping back into space. This natural process maintains Earth's temperature, making it habitable. However, increased levels of these gases from human activities enhance the greenhouse effect, contributing to global warming and climate change.