The element that is solid at room temperature and has the atomic number 6 is carbon. Carbon is fundamental to life on Earth, as it is a primary component of organic molecules. It is known for its ability to form stable bonds with many elements, making it vital in forming a variety of compounds necessary for biological processes. Its allotropes, like graphite and diamond, showcase its versatility. Carbon's unique properties have made it essential in chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry.