The branch of science dedicated to the study of chemical fingerprinting is called forensic chemistry. This field focuses on analyzing materials to determine their origin or composition, often for crime scene investigations, environmental assessments, and material identifications. Forensic chemists utilize various techniques, such as chromatography and mass spectrometry, to identify chemical substances and establish connections between evidence and potential sources. Their work is critical in legal contexts, aiding in the administration of justice by providing scientifically derived insights.