The branch of biology that focuses on the structure and function of cells is known as cell biology, or cytology. Cell biology examines the various components within cells, including organelles, membranes, and the cytoplasm, along with cellular processes such as cell division, signaling, and metabolism. Research in cell biology is fundamental for understanding how cells interact, communicate, and contribute to the overall function of organisms, impacting fields such as molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry. Cell biology findings are also critical for medical research and biotechnology innovations.