The three laws of motion proposed by Newton are fundamental principles describing the relationship between an object's motion and the forces acting upon it. The first law, known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration in the equation F=ma, while the third law asserts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.