The concept of "the end of history" was articulated by political philosopher **Francis Fukuyama** in the context of liberal democracy. Fukuyama posited that the collapse of the Soviet Union marked the culmination of humanity's ideological evolution, where liberal democracy became the ultimate form of governance. According to this theory, the spread of democratic principles and capitalist economies would lead to a limited variance in political systems globally. However, the premise has been debated, especially with the rise of authoritarianism and new ideological challenges, prompting ongoing discussions about the future of democracy.