Voter apathy refers to a lack of interest or motivation to participate in the electoral process, often resulting in low voter turnout. Its causes can be multifaceted, including distrust in political institutions, feelings of powerlessness among citizens, or the perception that individual votes do not matter. Additionally, disillusionment with candidates or political parties, socioeconomic barriers, and lack of political education can contribute to this phenomenon, creating a cycle of disengagement that can further diminish democratic participation.