The Constitutional Convention in U.S. history is significant because it resulted in the formation of the Constitution in 1787, fundamentally shaping the structure of the federal government. Delegates resolved key issues such as representation, federalism, and the separation of powers. The Convention established a framework for governance that balanced state and national interests, addressing weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation. The outcome of this Convention laid the foundation for a stable and effective democratic system, influencing political thought and governance in the U.S. and worldwide.