The term political ideology refers to a set of beliefs and values that shape an individual or group's understanding of political systems, society, and governance. It encompasses perspectives on issues such as government authority, individual rights, and economic systems. Common political ideologies include liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and libertarianism, each presenting different views on how society should be organized and governed. Political ideologies guide political behavior, party affiliation, and policy preferences, ultimately influencing the direction of political discourse and action.