"Judicial activism" refers to the practice where judges interpret laws and the Constitution in a way that promotes social change or addresses contemporary issues, rather than adhering strictly to the original intent of the law. This approach often involves expanding rights or regulations and can lead to significant changes in legal precedent. Critics argue that it undermines judicial restraint and the balance of powers, while supporters believe it serves justice by adapting the law to modern societal needs. By stepping into the legislative arena, judicial activism can shape policy and reflect evolving values within a society.