A referendum is a direct vote in which an electorate decides on a specific proposal, often related to constitutional amendments or significant policy changes. Unlike an election, which typically involves selecting candidates, a referendum focuses on a particular issue, allowing citizens to express their opinions on it directly. The outcomes of referendums can result in binding decisions that shape legislation or governance. They are often viewed as a tool for enhancing democratic participation and ensuring public engagement in critical decisions, although they can also lead to polarized opinions and contentious debates.