“Political fragmentation” refers to the process by which political entities, such as parties or groups, become divided or splintered into smaller factions. This can result in a plurality of voices and perspectives but also create challenges in achieving consensus on policies. Fragmentation may arise from ideological differences, social issues, or regional concerns, leading to a less stable political environment. It complicates governance by making it difficult to pass legislation or enact reforms, as multiple competing interests need to be reconciled within the political landscape.