Political fragmentation refers to the division of political power and authority among various factions, parties, or interest groups within a system. It leads to a multiplicity of voices and perspectives but can also create challenges in governance, such as difficulties in forming coherent majorities or policy consensus. When a political landscape is fragmented, it may result in gridlock or instability, complicating decision-making processes and impeding effective government actions. This phenomenon often reflects the diversity of interests and ideologies within a society, influencing the overall political stability and functionality.