"Judicial activism" refers to the practice where judges play an active role in interpreting laws and constitutions, often taking positions that may expand their power or influence public policy. Judges engaged in judicial activism may challenge established precedents or address social issues through rulings that reflect personal or societal values. This approach contrasts with judicial restraint, where judges strictly adhere to existing laws and judicial interpretations. Judicial activism can lead to significant legal and political changes, prompting debates about the balance of power between branches of government.