Dual federalism refers to a governing framework where power and responsibilities are divided clearly between the national and state governments. This model asserts that different levels of government operate independently within their respective spheres of authority. Under dual federalism, both the federal government and state governments have distinct powers, allowing for a balance that can lead to effective governance while also respecting state autonomy. This system contrasts with cooperative federalism, where levels of government work together on various issues. Understanding dual federalism is essential for examining the dynamics of power, jurisdiction, and the relationship between national and state laws.