Legislative powers are distinguished from executive powers in their core functions and processes within government. Legislative powers involve creating, amending, and repealing laws, primarily exercised by elected representatives in a legislative body. Conversely, executive powers entail implementing and enforcing these laws, typically held by the executive branch led by the president or prime minister. This division of powers is crucial in maintaining a system of checks and balances, preventing any branch from becoming overly dominant and ensuring that government action reflects the will of the people.