In political science, a failed state is characterized by a complete loss of authority and inability to provide basic functions for its citizens, such as maintaining law and order, delivering public services, and ensuring national security. Failed states often experience significant internal conflict, lack of legitimacy, and widespread corruption. Such a breakdown leads to humanitarian crises, with citizens facing displacement, poverty, and violence. The international community may intervene in failed states to restore stability, but the complexities involved often challenge effective governance and reconstruction efforts.