The functions of both houses of Congress in the United States include drafting, debating, and voting on legislation. The House of Representatives represents the citizenry with members elected based on population, focusing on issues related to immediate constituents. The Senate, with its equal representation from each state, plays a critical role in reviewing legislation, confirming nominations, and ratifying treaties. Both chambers must collaborate to pass laws, and each serves as a check on the other's powers. This bicameral structure is designed to ensure thorough examination and consideration of legislation before it becomes law.