The characteristics of a welfare state include comprehensive social safety nets and programs designed to provide citizens with essential services and support. These typically encompass universal healthcare, education, unemployment benefits, and housing assistance, aiming to reduce inequality and promote social justice. Welfare states are characterized by a higher level of government intervention in the economy and a commitment to redistributing wealth. By prioritizing the well-being of all citizens, particularly the vulnerable, welfare states aim to foster a more cohesive society while encouraging economic stability and growth.