State and local governments differ in their political powers primarily in terms of jurisdiction and authority. Local governments operate under state constitutions and laws, wielding powers delegated to them by state authorities. They govern specific communities and manage local issues such as zoning and public safety. In contrast, state governments have broader powers, including regulating commerce, education, and healthcare, derived from the state constitution and the U.S. Constitution. This division allows for tailored governance that adheres to local needs while maintaining overall coherence with state objectives.