Political institutions play a critical role in either facilitating or hindering social change. Institutions such as legislatures, courts, and administrative bodies establish the frameworks through which policies are developed and implemented. Efficient, inclusive institutions can promote social reforms by providing avenues for citizen participation and ensuring accountability. Conversely, institutions that are rigid or dominated by vested interests may resist change, perpetuating existing inequalities. The responsiveness of political institutions to societal needs is crucial for effective governance, as their capacity to adapt can significantly influence the pace and nature of social progress within a country.