Electoral systems profoundly affect representation in government by determining how votes translate into seats. In systems like proportional representation, parties gain seats in proportion to the votes they receive, enhancing representation for smaller parties and fostering a multi-party system. Conversely, winner-takes-all systems favor larger parties, potentially leading to disenfranchisement of minority voices. The system chosen can shape policy outcomes, governance styles, and voter engagement, influencing the overall democratic health of a society. Thus, electoral systems play a critical role in shaping political landscapes.