The mother goddess known for her nurturing and protective qualities in various traditions is Gaia in Greek mythology. Often viewed as the personification of the Earth, Gaia represents fertility, growth, and the nurturing force of nature. She is considered the source of all life, giving birth to the sky, mountains, and sea, as well as various deities. The reverence for Gaia emphasizes the interconnectedness of life and nature, highlighting the importance of a motherly figure in mythology and the respect for the earth's role in sustaining life.