The main characters in the myth of Pygmalion and Galatea include Pygmalion, a sculptor who falls in love with the statue he created, named Galatea. Desiring a real relationship, he prays to the goddess Aphrodite for her to come alive. His wish is granted, bringing Galatea to life, thus illustrating themes of love, art, and the awakening of dreams. The narrative emphasizes the transformative power of love and the deep human desire for connection.