The ancient Mesopotamian view of the afterlife was relatively grim, primarily centered around the Underworld, known as Kur or Irkalla. It is described as a dark, dreary place where all individuals went after death, regardless of their actions in life. The deceased would rely on their family for offerings to sustain their existence in the afterlife. There was little hope for a rewarding afterlife, which reflected the harsh realities of life in ancient Mesopotamia, emphasizing the inevitability of death and the importance of proper burial rituals.