The primary pantheon of gods in Ancient Greek mythology is referred to as the Olympian gods, which includes deities such as Zeus, Hera, Athena, and Poseidon. These gods and goddesses reside on Mount Olympus and represent various aspects of life and nature, from love and war to wisdom and agriculture. They played significant roles in human affairs, influencing the fate and actions of mortals, often depicted in intricate myths that explored their relationships with each other and humanity.