The myth of Theseus and the Minotaur is significant as it symbolizes the struggle between civilization and chaos. Theseus represents heroism and skill as he undertakes the challenge to defeat the Minotaur, a creature embodying the primal and destructive aspects of the human condition. This myth also illustrates the journey of transformation, courage, and sacrifice, establishing Theseus as a cultural hero who transcends boundaries and restores order, ultimately paving the way for future heroes in Greek mythology.