The ruler of France during the French Revolution was King Louis XVI. Ascending to the throne in 1774, Louis faced mounting financial problems and increasing public discontent due to lavish spending and harsh taxation. The Revolution began in 1789, fueled by Enlightenment ideals and the desire for political and economic reform. Louis attempted to navigate the tumultuous political landscape but ultimately became a symbol of the excesses of monarchy. His inability to adapt led to his arrest and trial for treason. In 1793, he was executed by guillotine, marking a pivotal moment in the revolutionary movement and the transition towards republicanism in France.