The notable civil rights leader who advocated for the "Back to Africa" movement was Marcus Garvey. He was a Jamaican political leader and founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Garvey promoted the idea of African pride and supported the idea that African Americans should return to Africa to create a self-sufficient nation. His vision emphasized the empowerment of Black individuals and sought to foster a sense of community and identity. Despite facing opposition, Garvey's movement had a lasting impact on the civil rights landscape and inspired future generations.