The leader of the Mali Empire known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca is Mansa Musa. Reigning from 1312 to 1337, he is often regarded as one of the richest individuals in history due to the empire's vast gold resources. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 is legendary; he traveled with a caravan of thousands, distributing gold and demonstrating the wealth of Mali to the world. His journey helped to establish trade routes and foster cultural and religious exchanges across North Africa and the Middle East. Additionally, he was instrumental in the promotion of education and the Islamic faith throughout his empire.