The influential author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" was Mary Wollstonecraft. Published in 1792, her work is considered one of the earliest arguments for women's rights and education. Wollstonecraft criticized the limited education and societal roles assigned to women, advocating for their intellectual and social development. She argued that women should have the same opportunities as men, emphasizing that education is essential for women to contribute meaningfully to society. Wollstonecraft's writings laid a critical foundation for feminist thought and inspired future generations in the struggle for gender equality and women's rights.