The feminist writer celebrated for works like "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" is Mary Wollstonecraft. Published in 1792, this seminal text argued for women's education and their rights, challenging the societal norms of her time that relegated women to subservient roles. Wollstonecraft's advocacy for equality and rationality laid the groundwork for modern feminist thought, emphasizing that women should have the same opportunities as men for education and involvement in public life.