The famous Greek playwright known for his tragedies during the golden age of Athens is Aeschylus. Often regarded as the father of tragedy, Aeschylus is best known for his works such as "The Oresteia" trilogy, which delves into themes of justice, fate, and the consequences of human actions. His plays marked a significant advancement in dramatic literature, introducing complex characters and elaborate stagecraft to Athenian theater. Aeschylus's contributions laid the groundwork for future playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides, significantly influencing the development of Western literature and drama.