The famous Egyptian pharaoh known for his incredible wealth and monumental projects was Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great. His reign lasted from 1279 to 1213 BCE and is marked by extensive building programs, including the magnificent temples at Abu Simbel and the grandiose city of Pi-Ramses. Ramses II's military campaigns expanded Egypt's territory and strengthened its influence. He is often considered one of Egypt's most powerful pharaohs, embodying the height of ancient Egyptian civilization's architectural, military, and cultural achievements.