The famous African leader who fought against colonial oppression in the 20th century was Julius Nyerere. He emerged as a prominent figure in the struggle for independence in Tanzania, advocating for African socialism and self-determination. Nyerere played a key role in uniting various nationalist movements to achieve independence from British colonial rule in 1961. As the nation’s first president, he implemented policies aimed at promoting social equality and economic development through his vision of Ujamaa, which emphasized community cooperation. His leadership significantly influenced the broader decolonization movement across Africa and remains a symbol of anti-colonial resistance.