The famous figure known for establishing the first library in ancient Assyria was Ashurbanipal, who reigned from 668 to 627 BC. He is best known for creating a vast collection of cuneiform tablets that encompassed a wide range of subjects, including literature, history, science, and religion. This library, located in Nineveh, is considered one of the earliest and most important repositories of knowledge in human history. The collection included works such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, and Ashurbanipal’s efforts contributed significantly to the preservation of Mesopotamian culture and scholarship.