The Battle of Marathon was led by the Athenian general Miltiades. This crucial battle occurred in 490 BCE during the first Persian invasion of Greece. Facing the might of the Persian Empire, Miltiades strategized a surprise attack, leveraging the advantages of the Athenian hoplite soldiers and their knowledge of the terrain. The Athenian victory at Marathon not only secured their independence from Persian domination but also significantly boosted Greek morale and unity among city-states. This battle has become a symbol of democracy's struggle against tyranny and has influenced western military tactics and narratives about courage and perseverance.