The two empires that fought in the Roman-Persian Wars were the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire, later succeeded by the Sassanian Empire. These conflicts, spanning several centuries, primarily revolved around territorial disputes and control over trade routes in the region. The wars were characterized by a series of battles and shifting alliances, showcasing the military prowess of both empires. At their peak, these conflicts significantly influenced the political landscape of the Near East and set the stage for future encounters between Rome and Persia, shaping their respective histories.