The powerful city-state in ancient Greece known for its military prowess and strict societal structure was Sparta. Unlike its rival Athens, which focused on arts and democracy, Sparta was dominated by a warrior culture. Spartan society was characterized by rigorous military training through the agoge system and an emphasis on discipline and strength. Men devoted their lives to becoming soldiers, while the helot population served as agricultural laborers. This strict societal structure contributed to Sparta's dominance during the Peloponnesian War.