The philosopher known for his method of dialectical reasoning is Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Hegel's dialectic involves the process of thesis-antithesis-synthesis, where conflicting ideas (thesis and antithesis) lead to the resolution and emergence of a new idea (synthesis). Hegel's student, Plato, is often associated with his own dialectical method, which emphasizes dialogue and questioning to arrive at truth. However, it is important to clarify that Plato and Hegel are distinct philosophers from different eras, with Hegel building upon some ideas from Plato while introducing his unique contributions to philosophy.