The historical figure known for his role in the scientific revolution is Galileo Galilei. Active during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Galileo made significant contributions to astronomy, physics, and scientific methodology. He is often referred to as the "father of modern observational astronomy" for his pioneering use of the telescope to study celestial bodies, leading to discoveries such as the moons of Jupiter. Galileo's insistence on empirical evidence and a questioning approach challenged established scientific dogmas of his time, laying the groundwork for modern science and promoting critical thinking.