The empire known for its elaborate road systems and that reached its height under Emperor Inca Pachacuti is the Inca Empire. This civilization, based in the Andean region of South America, utilized advanced engineering techniques to construct an extensive network of roads that facilitated communication, trade, and troop movement across vast distances. Pachacuti, who reigned in the 15th century, transformed the Inca from a modest kingdom into a powerful empire. The road system remains one of the remarkable achievements of the Incas, enhancing their influence across the region.