The empire known for its contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and architecture during the Golden Age is the Islamic Empire, particularly from the 8th to the 14th century. During this period, scholars in the Islamic world made significant advancements in various fields, building upon earlier knowledge from Greek, Persian, and Indian sources. Notable figures include mathematicians like Al-Khwarizmi, regarded as the father of algebra, and astronomers like Al-Battani, who improved celestial measurements. Architectural achievements, such as the Great Mosque of Samarra and the Alhambra, showcased innovative design and artistic expression. This cultural and intellectual flourishing significantly influenced Western thought during the Renaissance.