The dynasty that ruled China for nearly three centuries, witnessing the height of its power, is the Qing Dynasty. Established in 1644, it was the last imperial dynasty of China, noted for its expansion and cultural achievements. The Qing era saw significant advancements in art, literature, and trade, as well as the integration of diverse cultural influences. However, the dynasty also faced internal strife and external pressures, leading to its eventual decline in the early 20th century with the establishment of the Republic of China.